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Summary Chapter 17 Electrostatics PDF: Complete Notes, Formulas & Key Concepts

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Summary Chapter 17: Electric Fields and Potential

  • There are two types of charges. They are the positive charges and the negative charges.
  • Electric force exists between a pair of charges. Like charges repel and unlike charges attract.

Coulomb’s Law

F = 1/(4πε0) (Q1Q2)/r2

(in free space)

Electric Field

  • An electric field is a region in which an electric force will act on a charge that is placed at any point in the region.
  • The electric field strength at a point in an electric field is defined as the electric force per unit charge experienced by a charge placed at that point.
  • The electric field strength E at a point is given by

E = F/q

  • The electric field strength E at a point in an electric field produced by an isolated point charge Q is given by

E = Q/(4πε0 r2)

(in free space)

Electric Flux and Gauss’ Law

  • The electric flux Φ flowing through an area ΔA is given by

Φ = EΔA cos θ

  • Gauss’ law states that the total electric flux Φ flowing through a surface of arbitrary shape that encloses completely a charge Q within that surface and in free space is equal to Q/ε0, i.e.

Φ = Q/ε0

(in free space)

Electric Potential

  • The electric potential V at a point in an electric field is given by

V = U/q

where U is the electric potential energy of a charge q found at the point.

  • The electric potential at infinity is taken to be zero, i.e. V∞ = 0.
  • The potential difference ΔV across points X and Y is the energy required to transfer 1 C of positive charge from X to Y.
  • The electric potential difference ΔV is given by

ΔV = W/q

where W is the work done on charge q.

  • The electric potential V at a point in an electric field produced by an isolated point charge Q is given by

V = Q/(4πε0 r)

(in free space)

Electric Force and Field Gradient

  • The electric force F acting on a point charge along the x-axis is given by

F = -dU/dx

where U is the electric potential energy of the charge.

  • The electric field strength E at a point along the x-axis is given by

E = -dV/dx

where V is the electric potential at the point.

Uniform Electric Field Between Plates

  • The electric field strength at a point in the space between a pair of parallel oppositely charged plates is given by

E = V/d

where V is the potential difference between the plates separated by a distance d.

Energy Conservation in Electric Field

  • The total energy of a point charge q moving in an electric field is conserved:

KA + qVA = KB + qVB

Electron-Volt

  • The electron-volt is defined as the gain in energy by a particle carrying electronic charge that accelerates across an electric potential difference of 1 volt.

Equipotential Surface

  • An equipotential surface is a surface where any point on it has the same electric potential.

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