Gauss’s law is valid for any distribution of charges and for any closed surface…
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APPLICATIONS OF GAUSS’S LAW
GAUSS’S LAW
Gauss’s law is an alternative to Coulomb’s law. While completely equivalent to …
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GAUSS’S LAW
DIPOLE IN A UNIFORM EXTERNAL FIELD
Consider a permanent dipole of dipole moment p in a uniform external field E ,…
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DIPOLE IN A UNIFORM EXTERNAL FIELD
ELECTRIC DIPOLE
An electric dipole is a pair of equal and opposite point charges q and –q, sepa…
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ELECTRIC DIPOLE
ELECTRIC FLUX
Consider flow of a liquid with velocity v , through a small flat surface dS, in…
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ELECTRIC FLUX
ELECTRIC FIELD LINES
We have studied electric field in the last section. It is a vector quantity and…
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ELECTRIC FIELD LINES
ELECTRIC FIELD
Let us consider a point charge Q placed in vacuum, at the origin O. If we place…
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ELECTRIC FIELD